The Implications Of Crufts And Breeding Pedigree Dogs

Crufts, often touted as the world's greatest dog show, is a spectacle that attracts dog enthusiasts from all over the world. With its elaborate displays of purebred canines, impressive agility competitions, and impeccable grooming, Crufts is undoubtedly a visual feast for dog lovers. However, behind the glitz and glamour of this prestigious event lies a controversial issue that cannot be ignored – the breeding of pedigree dogs and the potential for it to be considered a form of animal cruelty if we don’t make changes soon.

In this blog post, we will explore the darker side of Crufts and the breeding of pedigree dogs, shedding light on the concerns surrounding this practice, the health issues that can arise, and the ethical implications of prioritizing appearance over the well-being of our four-legged companions.

The Origins of Crufts and Pedigree Breeding

Crufts, established in 1891 by Charles Cruft, was initially intended to showcase working and herding dogs. However, over the years, it has transformed into a platform to display a wide array of purebred dogs. The event judges dogs based on breed standards established by kennel clubs, emphasizing physical appearance and conformation to these standards. This focus on aesthetics has given rise to pedigree breeding.

Pedigree breeding involves mating dogs of the same breed to maintain specific characteristics and traits. These traits are carefully controlled to fit the breed standard, leading to the development of distinct breeds. While pedigree breeding has its merits, it also raises serious concerns about the health and well-being of the dogs involved.

The Dark Side of Pedigree Breeding

Inbreeding and Genetic Health Issues:

One of the most significant problems associated with pedigree breeding is the rampant inbreeding that often occurs within closed gene pools. To maintain breed purity, dogs are frequently bred with close relatives, leading to a limited genetic diversity. This practice can result in a host of genetic health issues, including but not limited to:

Hereditary diseases: Many purebred dogs are prone to hereditary conditions, such as hip dysplasia in German Shepherds, brachycephalic syndrome in Bulldogs, and heart disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. These conditions are often a result of the limited gene pool within a breed.
Shortened lifespans: Purebred dogs tend to have shorter lifespans compared to their mixed-breed counterparts. This is often due to the increased risk of genetic health issues that result from inbreeding.
Reduced fertility: Inbreeding can lead to reduced fertility in dogs, making it difficult for them to reproduce naturally.
Impaired immune systems: Limited genetic diversity can weaken a dog's immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and diseases.

2. Physical Deformities:

The emphasis on aesthetic traits in pedigree breeding often leads to the creation of dogs with extreme physical characteristics, some of which are downright harmful to their well-being. For example, brachycephalic breeds like the Bulldog and Pug are bred to have short, flattened faces, which can lead to severe respiratory problems. Similarly, the Dachshund's long back makes it prone to spinal issues. These physical deformities can result in chronic pain and suffering for the dogs, and with each generation these deformities can become more and more severe.

3. Emotional and Behavioural Problems:

In addition to physical issues, the selective breeding of pedigree dogs can also lead to behavioural problems. Some breeds have been bred for specific characteristics that may not align with the dog's natural instincts or needs. For example, Border Collies are known for their intelligence and herding abilities but require extensive mental and physical stimulation. If they are not given these outlets, they may develop behavioural problems such as anxiety, aggression, or compulsive behaviours.

The Ethical Implications

The breeding of pedigree dogs for appearance rather than overall health and well-being raises ethical concerns that extend beyond the physical health of these animals.

Prioritizing Aesthetics Over Welfare:

Many argue that the emphasis on breed standards in events like Crufts prioritizes the aesthetics of dogs over their well-being. This encourages breeders to produce dogs that conform to these standards, even if it means sacrificing the dogs' health and longevity.

2. The Role of Kennel Clubs:

Kennel clubs, responsible for maintaining breed standards and registry systems, have often been criticized for perpetuating unhealthy breed traits. While some clubs have taken steps to revise standards to promote healthier dogs, much work remains to be done.

3. Breeding Practices and Profit:

Unscrupulous breeders may prioritize profits over the health and well-being of the animals they breed. This can lead to puppy mills and the exploitation of dogs for financial gain. The desire for rare or "designer" breeds can also drive unethical breeding practices.

Reforming the System

The concerns surrounding Crufts and the breeding of pedigree dogs are not insurmountable. There are several ways in which the system can be reformed to prioritize the welfare of dogs over their appearance.

Health-Centric Breeding:

The focus of breeding should shift from aesthetics to health. Breed standards should be adjusted to favour dogs with fewer genetic health issues, longer lifespans, and healthier physical characteristics, even if those characteristics aren’t the most optimum for their working role.

2. Genetic Testing:

Breeders should make use of genetic testing to screen for hereditary conditions – and if they are a carrier then they must NOT breed. This can help reduce the risk of passing on genetic diseases to offspring.

3. Responsible Ownership:

Dog owners must be educated about the needs and traits of specific breeds and must provide proper care and stimulation for their pets to avoid behavioural problems.

4. Supportive Legislation:

Governments and animal welfare organizations should enact and enforce regulations that ensure responsible breeding practices and crack down on puppy mills.

5. Promoting Mixed-Breed Dogs:

Encouraging the adoption and even breeding of mixed-breed dogs can help alleviate some of the health issues associated with purebred dogs. Mixed-breed dogs often benefit from greater genetic diversity and can be healthier and more robust.

Crufts, as a showcase of pedigree breeds, has played a role in perpetuating the issues associated with pedigree breeding. While the event is a testament to the beauty and diversity of dog breeds, it cannot be separated from the concerns surrounding the health and welfare of these animals.

It's essential for all stakeholders, from breeders and kennel clubs to dog owners and enthusiasts, to prioritize the well-being of dogs over their appearance. This shift in perspective is crucial to prevent the perpetuation of genetic health issues, physical deformities, and behavioural problems that plague many pedigree breeds.

Ultimately, the goal should be to celebrate the uniqueness of each dog, regardless of its pedigree, and ensure that all dogs are given the best possible chance for a happy, healthy life. This, in turn, will lead to a brighter future for our beloved canine companions.

Written by Chloe Forster

Published on 20th October 2023

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